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2014年成人英语三级考试语法笔记:反意疑问句
时间: 2014年05月30日 来源:互联网 作者: 佚名 浏览:

 反意疑问句

  反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句提出情况和看法,问对方同意不同意,这种问句都由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句,如前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分的时态要一致。

  反意疑问句主要有下列两种形式:

  1.肯定的陈述句 + 否定的附加疑问。例如:

  That car is running fast, isn't it?

  2.否定的陈述句 + 肯定的附加疑问。 例如:

  That car isn't running fast, is it?

  几点应该注意的情况:

  1.当陈述句部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等合成词时, 加疑问部分中的主语 在非正式文体中往往用 they。例如:

  Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?

  Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they?

  Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn't they?

  2. 当陈述部分是 there- 存在句时,附加疑问句部分的动词用肯定形式。例如:

  There's no help for it, is there?

  There's something wrong, isn't there?

  3. 陈述部分带有 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing 等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。例如:

  Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

  Few people know him, do they?

  She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

  4.如果陈述部分是 I'm … 结构,附加疑问部分一般用aren't I. 例如:

  I'm late, aren't I?

  5. 如果陈述部分以不定代词one 作主语,附加疑问句部分的主语在正式场合用 one,在非正式场合用 you。例如:

  One can't be too careful, can one/can you?

  6. 当陈述部分是一个带有 that-分词作宾语的主从结构时,附加疑问部分一般应与主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。例如:

  She says (that) I did it, doesn't she?

  但是,当陈述部分的主句是 I suppose, I think, I believe 等结构时,附加疑问部分则往往与that-

  分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。例如:

  I suppose (that) he's serious, isn't he?

  I don't think (that) she cares, doesn't she?

  7. 当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词 have 时,附加疑问部分既可以用have形式,也可用do 形式;如果陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式,附加疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式,取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如:

  You have a Rolls-Royce, haven't you/don't you?

  He hasn't a lot of time to spare, has he?

  Miss Smith doesn't have any money in her pocket, does she?

  当陈述部分的have不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时,附加疑问部分则用do形式。例如:

  You often have headaches, don't you?

  She had a good time yesterday, didn't she?

  8. 陈述部分带有情态动词 ought to时,附加疑问部分在英国英语中仍用ought to形式,但在美国英语中常用should形式。例如:

  The child ought to be punished, oughtn't he?

  We ought to go there, shouldn't we?

  9. 陈述部分带有情态动词used to时,附加疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。例如:

  The Greens used to live in the country, usedn't they?

  He used to smoke fifty cigarettes a day, didn't he?

  10. 陈述部分带有情态动词needn't时,附加疑问部分常用need,但有时也可用must。例如:

  You needn't go yet, need you?

  He needn't do that, must he?

  11. 陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,附加疑问部分用mustn't。例如:

  You must work hard next term, mustn't you?

  当陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分则用needn't。例如:

  You must go home right now, needn't you?

  当mustn't表示“禁止”时,附加疑问部分一般用must。例如:

  You mustn't walk on grass, must you?

  当陈述部分的must 表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时,附加疑问部分不用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词形式。例如:

  He must be very tired, isn't he? (He must be very tired = I'm sure he is very tired.)

  He must have waited here for a long time, hasn't he? (He must have waited…= I'm sure he has wa

 

 
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