【用作宾语】
不定式和动名词均可用作宾语。
1. 一些动词要求用不定式作宾语,常见的有:afford, agree, ask, want, hope, decide, like, wish, try, learn, except, prefer, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse, 等动词。
I can not afford to buy a new car. 我买不起一辆新车。
2. 一些动词要求用动名词作宾语,常见的有:enjoy, finish, avoid, excuse, mind, suggest, practise, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, quit, risk, stop, miss, complete, escape, mention, favor等动词。
①He still did not admit stealing the diamond. 他仍然不承认偷了钻石。
②You should practise speaking English as much as possible. 你应该多练习说英语。
3. 有些动词后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语。这有几种情况:
1)如like, begin, start, want, love, hate, attempt, continue, intend, prefer等动词,跟不定式或动名词作宾语意思差别不太大。一般说来,用动名词表示的是抽象的,时间不确定的动作;用不定式表示的是具体的,确切的动作。
① I like walking to school. 我喜欢步行去上学。(表示一个总体抽象的概念)
② I would like to walk to school today. 我今天想步行去上学。(表示一个具体的,确切的动作)
2) 有些动词,如stop, remember, forget, try, propose, mean, regret等,后接不定式和接动名词意思不同。
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
remember/forget to do 记得/忘了要去做某事
remember/forget doing 记得/忘了做过某事
try to do 努力,企图
try doing 试一试某种方法
regret to do 对尚未做或正在做的事表示遗憾
regret doing 对做过的事表示后悔
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着
propose to do 打算做某事
propose doing 建议做某事
① I do not remember ever meeting that man. 我不记得见过那个人。
Please remember to phone me when you get there. 请到那儿之后给我打电话。
② I propose resting for half an hour. 我建议休息半个小时。
I propose to go to London this summer. 我打算夏天到伦敦去。
③ I regret to tell you that you lost the game. 我非常遗憾地通知你,你输了。
3) 有些动词,如advise, admit, allow, authorize, bear, consider, like,encourage, forbid, intend, permit, recommend等,可同时用于“主语 + 动词 + 动名词”和“主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 不定式”的结构中。
① They encouraged learning English by radio. 他们鼓励通过收音机学英语。
They encouraged me to learn English by radio. 他们鼓励我通过收音机学英语。
② She recommended visiting the Great Wall. 她推荐游览长城。
She recommended us to visit the Great Wall. 她建议我们游览长城。
4)need, want, require, deserve, demand, bear等动词后,跟不定式时,用被动形式表示被动含义;跟动名词时,用主动形式表被动含义。注意:此时主语多为物。
This book deserves mentioning / to be mentioned. 这本书值得一提。
The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned. 屋子需要打扫了。