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2013年成人英语三级考试基本语法14语法；具副词功能的过去分词和现在分词及短语一样，过去分词（past participles）或过去分词短语（past participial phrases）也可以充当副词，修饰谓语动词。

过去分词短语可以表达下列四种意思：

㈠方法或活动方式,如：

● He walked up and down, lost in thought.

● I sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.

● Surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly.

㈡原因,如：

● Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.

● Taken by surprise, the enemy surrendered.

㈢时间,如：

● Born and bred in a turbulent age, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.

● Thrown to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later.

㈣条件,如：

● Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.

● Criticised by someone else, Tony would not have flared up like that.

除了直接修饰动词之外,过去分词或短语也可以和连词合组成短语,表示下列四种意思：

⒈由 when, whenever, while, until 等连词引导,表示“