第五节 形容词与副词(4-1~5-2)

　　大纲要求：

　　形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。

　　一、形容词在句子中的作用

　　1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

　　A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)

　　I like this red dress very much.(定语)

　　She is beautiful. (表语)

　　The patient is asleep. (表语)

　　Who has got the window open? (宾语补足语)

　　I've got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)

　　I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.(独立成分)

　　2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。

　　This is a red dress. The dress is red.

　　alike, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, aware, alive, ashamed, unable, content.

　　二、副词在句子中的作用

　　副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。

　　Unfortunately, he wasn't at home when I came. (修饰整个句子)

　　Luckily, she wasn't injured in the accident.(修饰整个句子)

　　Her pronunciation is very good.(修饰形容词)

　　I have been extremely busy these days.(修饰形容词)

　　I can hardly agree with you.(修饰动词)

　　He works terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)

　　三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成

　　1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er , -est.

　　如：small, smaller, smallest; great, greater, greatest; clever, cleverer, cleverest; quiet, quieter, quietest ; common, commoner, commonest; narrow, narrower, narrowest。

　　2、以e结尾的词加-r , -st 。

　　如：larger, larger , largest ; simple, simpler , simplest ; polite, politer , politest; brave, braver, bravest; fine, finer, finest。

　　3、以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i 再加-er , -est 。

　　如：busy，busier, busiest; heavy，heavier, heaviest; happy，happier, happiest.

　　4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er, -est 。(一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)

　　如：big，bigger, biggest; thin，thinner, thinnest; hot，hotter, hottest。

　　双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more, most。

　　如：difficult, more difficult, most difficult, interesting, more interesting, most interesting; useful, more useful, most useful。

　　特殊的比较级和最高级