11. but ((除…之外)

　　Who but a fool would do such a thing?

　　I have nothing but a book in my hand.

　　I'm the last but one to get here.

　　12.by(经过)

　　She passed by me without saying goodbye to me.

　　The woman is standing by the door.

　　By the time we got to the station, the train had left.

　　By the end of the year, we have trained 400 people.

　　I came here by taxi. (by bus, by plane, by ship, on foot)

　　The girl isn't an actress by profession. (actor 男演员)

　　What's the time by your watch?

　　This novel is written by Charles Dickens.

　　Consumer goods production will go up by 6 % this year.

　　I met him by chance yesterday. (by chance 偶尔碰到)

　　We all have to abide by the rules. (abide by 遵守)

　　By the way, where is the teacher? (by the way 顺便说一下)

　　In order to pass the exam, we have to learn the texts by heart.

　　At the age of ten she began to live by herself.(by oneself 独自)

　　13. except (除去)

　　None of us have seen the film except my sister.

　　He comes to school every day except Saturday.

　　She is alone in the world except for her mother.

　　14. for(为了)

　　After supper I always go out for a walk.

　　(go out for a walk 散步)

　　Thank you for spending so much time listening to me explain.

　　Thank you for spending so much time listening to my explanation.

　　Forgive me for being late. (表原因)

　　I'm sorry for what has happened.

　　The coat is for sale. (for sale 出售)

　　This is a book for you.

　　Whenever she is in trouble, she'll turn to her parents for help.

　　(be in trouble 处在困难之中 turn to 向某人求助)

　　We left Beijing for Shanghai last week. (leave…for… 动身去)

　　I have studied English for three years.

　　I sold the flat for 100,000 yuan.

　　(flat,apartment 公寓，house 别墅，room 房间)

　　How much do you pay for the coat? (pay for 付款)

　　It's hard for me to get rid of all the rats. (get rid of 消灭，消除)

　　I'm looking for my book.

　　find(找到): I'm looking for my book, but I can't find it.

　　I do this all for your good. (for one's good 为了某人好)

　　Who are you waiting for? (wait for 等待)

　　They do this for the sake of their mother.

　　(for the sake of 因为)

　　15. from(来自……)

　　We've learnt a lot from our teacher.

　　They are busy from morning to night.(from...to... 从……到……)

　　The letter is from your parents.

　　I have been away from home for a long time.

　　(be away from home 离开家)

　　(be from 来自) I'm from China.

　　The film we saw yesterday was different from the novel.

　　(be different from 与……不同，differ from)

　　The wine is made from the best grapes.

　　make from 化学变化

　　make of 物理变化 The desk is made of wood.

　　make sth. up 由……组成

　　Animal bodies are made up of cells.

　　Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.

　　make with sth. 迅速拿出或提供某物

　　Make with the beers, buster. 伙计，拿啤酒来。