状语从句
状语从句可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、行为方式、比较、让步等。
1)时间状语从句
常用的关联词有when, whenever, before, after, while, as, once(一旦),until, (ever) since, as soon as等。时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的情况通常用一般现在时。如:
When you cross a road, you must be careful.
It will not be long before we meet again.
She comes here every month since she was a child to see her grandmother.
As soon as I know it, I'll tell you.
2)地点状语从句
关联词有 where 和 wherever.如:
Sit down wherever you like.
Put it where you found it.
3)条件状语从句
关联词有if, unless, as / so long as(只要),in case(万一)等。如:
As/So long as we don't give up, we are bound to succeed.(be bound to do sth. 注定要做某事;give up 放弃)
In case I gorget, please remind me of that.(remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事)
If it snows tomorrow, we will stay at home.
I will do anything as long as it is interesting.
4)原因状语从句
关联词有because, as(由于,因为), since(由于,既然),now that(既然),that等。
As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
Since no one is against, we'll adopt the proposal.
Seeing that she's ill, she's unlikely to come.
Not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.
because, as since, for 皆为“因为”时的区别:
a.because 语气最强,用以回答why引导的问句。它可和强调词only, just以及否定词not连用,其所引导的从句常位于主句之后,只有强调时才置于主句之前。Because从句还可以用于强调结构,如It was because I wanted to see my mother that I went to Beijing last month.(It was…that/ It is …that)
b.As语气较弱,较口语化,所表的原因比较明显,或是已知的事实,所以不用强调。As从句之前不可用强调句和not, 也不可用于强调结构。As从句多置于主句之前。
c.Since 的语气也比较弱,常表示对方已知的事实,往往相当于汉语的“既然”。它和as 一样,其前也不可用强调词和not, 也不可用强调结构。
d.For 和上述三个从属连词不同,它是一个等立连词,比较文气。它有时可用来作附加说明,We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors. 我们一定要克服粗枝大叶的毛病,因为这常导致错误。