代词(二)

　　内 容 提 要

　　代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功用。

　　反 身 代 词

　　一、反身代词有myself， ourselves， yourselves， himself， herself， themselves， itself.主语与宾语为同一人或物时，要用反身代词(否则就不能用反身代词)，反身代词也可放在名词或代词(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起强调作用

　　1) All [A] the scouts(童子军) got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.

　　2) Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.

　　3) Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.

　　4) The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.

　　5) Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland， Ohio， the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.

　　6) Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration， the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.

　　7) When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister， he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .

　　二、例题解析

　　1) B错。 改为themselves.

　　2) B错。B处明显指代animals，而它前面的主语that却指代shells，也就是说“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主语与宾语不是同一物，故不能用反身代词，应改为宾格them.

　　3) C错。本句的主语为aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker(在这里它作aptitude的定语)，而C处的代词却指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主语与宾语并非指同一人，故不能用反身代词，应改用宾格him.

　　4) D错。 改为to him.动词“presented”的(逻辑)主语是“evidence”，而不是A处的“he，”所以D“himself”处与C处“presented”的主语“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代词。

　　5) B错。 改为him.同上。

　　6) A错。此处的them指主语plants，rid是及物动词，由于主语与宾语指同一物，故应使用反身代词themselves.

　　7) D错。 改为for himself.