lesson 3 冠 词
冠词有两种，一是不定冠词a／an，另外一种是定冠词the（有的语法学家说有三种冠词，这另外一种是零念冠词，这里我们不讨论）。
一、不定冠词及其用法
1. 可数名词在表泛指时，要加不定冠词“a／an”表示“一个”，“每一”相当于one或表示某一
2. a用在辅音音素（即音标中的辅音而不是辅音字母）之前，如a European scientist.an用在元音音素（音标中的元音而不是指元音字母）之前，如an Xray examination
3. 跟汉语一样，并列的两个单数名词表示一个概念，第二个名词前的不定冠词a可以省去，以避免重复
二、定冠词的用法
1. 一般来说，普通名词有特指和泛指，如果特指，就要加定冠词；如果泛指，可数名词前加不定冠词，或用其复数形式
2. 定冠词the主要和名词连用，表示某些特定的人或事物
3. 由of引起的限定性短语（作定语）所修饰的词前加the
4. 表示身体的某一部位，用the代替物主代词my， our， your， his， her等
5. 表示江河海洋，海峡海湾，山脉和群岛及有些湖泊之前用the
6. 定冠词the加姓氏的复数，表示某某一家人，如果做主语，谓语动词要用复数
7. 当一个抽象名词，不表示一般的概念而是表示某一特定的内容时加定冠词the
8. 由普通名词和一些其他词构成的专有名词前加the
the People's Republic of China
三、同步练习
1. ____rose is____beautiful flower.
2.Mr. Smith always smokes____cigarette with ____cup of coffee.
3.____door of____garage is broken.
4.____donkeys are ____ stupid animals.
5.____bread is made from ____ flour，and ____flour is made from ____wheat.
6.She is ____good musician；she plays ____piano beautifully.
7.Thousands of ____visitors go to ____Great Wall every ____day.
8.When he was enghteen，he joined ____navy.
9.He sent me ____letter and ____postcard；____letter didn't arrive.
10.Li is not at ____office；I think he's gone____home.
11.Is there ____telephone here？
12.She is studying ____English and ____French.
13.I bought ____pen and some paper，but I left____pen in ____shop.
14.____machine is made of ____steel and ____copper.
15.____honesty is ____best policy.
16.____coal is 60 dollars ____ton at the moment.
17.I stay at ____home last night and listened to ____radio.
18.We went to Paris and saw ____Palace of Versailles.
19.He goes back to ____ country to see his people once ____year.
20.____Liu's are going to ____cinema.
四、答案
1.the（或 a），a 2.a，a 3.the，the 4.x，x 5.x，x，x，x 6.a，the
7.x，the，x 8.the 9.a，a，the 10.the，x 11.a 12.x，x 13.a，the，the
14.the，x，x 15.x，the 16.x，a 17.x，the 18.x，the 19.the，a 20.the，the
