名词的常用考点

　　考点1.牢记六个不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用数词，但是可用some， any

　　information，weather，fun，progress，advice，furniture，

　　a. ________ important information it is!A. What B. What an

　　b. ________ nice weather it is today! A. What B. What a

　　c. ________ fun it is! A. What B. What a

　　d. Physics has made great progress in this century. And so has maths.

　　e. The doctor gave my father some advice on how to stop smoking.

　　f. She has to clean all the furniture in all the bedrooms in two hours.

　　g.It was fun to play on the beach that it attracted countless children.

　　[A] such great [B] so great [C] such a great [D] so great a

　　考点2.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义

　　papers(报纸;文件); works(工 厂;著 作); looks(外 表);

　　hairs(几 根 头 发); times(时 代); sands(沙滩);

　　drinks(饮料); manners(礼貌); arms(武器);

　　forces(军队) glasses

　　牢记五个名词单复数形式可以表示特别意义的名词

　　word / man difficulty room people population

　　a.当 word和man用作不可數名词时，前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式时，它们的意义是：word(消息;通知)，man(人类)

　　Word came that the headmaster would come to talk to us.(消息)

　　Please send me word of your arrival.(通知)

　　Labor created man.(人类)

　　Quite a lot scientists have studied the origin of man in the last century.

　　b.have some difficulty in doing sth.

　　c.I am afraid that there isn't _____left for you two in my car. There are already five people in it.

　　A.many room B.any rooms C.any room many rooms

　　d……people作集合名词用时，后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式

　　The people in the village like the new teacher.

　　但是，作"民族"解释时是可数名词，有复数形式：peoples;作"全体公民"解释时，动词用复数形式。

　　the peoples of Asia(亚洲各民族)

　　The Chinese people are a great people.(中华民族是一个伟大的民族。)

　　e.population具有集合名词的一般用法

　　A：The population of China is largethan that of India.

　　(中国人口比印度多。)

　　B.Eighty percent of the population of China are peasants.

　　(中 国80%的人 口是农民。)

　　考点3.集合名词的数

　　一般地说，集合名词只以单数形式出现。常见的有：family，police，cattle，team，people，government，class，group，audience(观众)，public(公众)，crew(全体船员)等。当这些名词作主语时，若表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体的每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　His family is a big family./ The whole family are watching TV now.

　　The government welcomes the proposal.(政府欢迎该建议。)

　　The government are discussing the proposal.(政府官员正在讨论该建议。)

　　注意：

　　(1)police和cattle后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式

　　Many cattle are kept on the farm.

　　Several hundred police are on duty.

　　考点4.of+抽象数=相应的形容词

　　of+geat+抽象名词=very+相应的形容词

　　of+no+抽象名词=not+相应的形容词(or -less， un-)

　　这样的抽象名词主要有：importance，value，use，help

　　The dictionary is of great use/help.=The dictionary is very useful/helpful.

　　The meeting is of great importance.=The meeting is very important.

　　Ginseng is of great medicine value. (西洋参具有很高的药用价值。)

　　Your advice is of great value to us=Your advice is very valuable to us

　　His suggestion is of no use=His suggestion is not useful

　　That program is of great interest to the children

　　=That program is very interesting to the children

　　但是，of+color/age/height/width常用来表示具有同样的颜色、年龄、高度、宽度等等。

　　These two jackets are of the same color.(这两件夹克衫颜色一样。)

　　We're of the same age.(我们年龄一样大。)

　　考点5.to+抽象名词常表示喜、怒、哀、乐

　　to one's surprise(令人惊讶地);to one's joy/delight(令人高兴地);

　　to one'sdisappointment(令人失望地);to one's shame(令人羞愧地)

　　考点6.名词作定语

　　名词作定语一般用单数

　　eg. mountain areas山区 apple pies苹果派

　　color TV's彩色电视机 machine guns机关机

　　the school bus学校的班车

　　a shoe shop/ a stone bridge/ a mountain village/

　　the ticket office/ war stories/ book leaves/ vegetable garden

　　[例外]savings account储蓄存款帐户 women's college女子学院

　　girls's high school女子中学

　　man，woman作定语与后面的名词的数一致

　　eg，a man doctor——two men doctors

　　sports运动，作定语一般用复数 eg. A sports car/ sports shoes/ a sports meet/ the sports field

　　sport(单数)表示具体的运动项目 eg.Which sport were you in yesterday?

　　「例句」I walked too much yesterday and ________are still aching now. (CET-4 1995，6)

　　A) my leg's muscles B) my muscles of leg

　　C) my leg muscles D) my muscle's of the leg

　　本题为名词作定语，不用所有格形式，故正确答案为C.

　　类似的用法还有：a woman doctor，a straw hat，a paper cover.

　　「例句」Now people use the word MS instead of Miss or Mrs before the name of______ in business 'letters.

　　A)woman manager B)women manager

　　C)woman managers D)women managers

　　考点7.复合形容词中的名词必须用单数

　　eg. two-minute ride seven five-yuan notes

　　a nine-foot-tall tree a three-year old三岁的小孩

　　a seven-day holiday七天的假期

　　a 200-meter-high building二百米高的大厦

　　注意名词所有格和复合形容词的用法

　　eg.二十分钟的路程 twenty minutes' walk

　　a twenty-minute walk

　　「例句」Despite the wonderful acting and well developed plot the movie could not hold our________ attention. (CET-1996，1)

　　A) three-hours B) three-hour C) three-hours' D) three-hour's

　　three-hour为复合形容词，作定语不能加's.另外，复合形容词作定语，其中名词保持单数，故A、C、D都不对。正确答案为B.三个小时的电影也可以表达为：three hours' movie .

　　考点8.表示时间的名词前有one，some，this，that，last，next，every，all等修饰时，前面不再用介词：

　　eg. 1. One day I happened to meet her on my way back from school.

　　2.He kept washing all day.

　　3.Next morning I will leave for the USA to study English.

　　考点9.最高级形容词前如有名词，要用所有格形式，如有数词，要用序数词形式，如：

　　the world's highest mountain世界最高的山

　　the country's largest library国家最大的图书馆

　　the second longest river in China中国第二长河

　　考点10. 表示数量的hundred，thousand，million，dozen，(打)，score(二十)的用法

　　(1)表示确定数目时，不加s：five hundred(thousand，million)students;six dozen pens

　　(2)表示不确定数目时，加s并且与of连用：hundreds of students;dozens(scores)of people

　　(3)many， several等修饰dozen，score时，不用复数，也不用of：many/several dozen pencils，但是当名词前有限定词或事物本身为人称代词，必须加 of：

　　a dozen of these people/eggs; two score of such books;

　　two dozen of them two dozen eggs两打鸡蛋

　　four score and seven years ago八十七年前

　　dozens of students几十名学生 hundred of horses上千匹马

　　millions of people上千万人

　　He has flow two hundred miles to get here

　　他坐飞机飞了两百英里赶到这里。

　　Millions of people come to visit this city every year

　　每年有几百万人来这个城市参加。