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prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than…
两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名词。例如:
I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball). 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。
主要区别在于:prefer…to…之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如:
He prefers walking to cycling. 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。
而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。例如:
Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy. 刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。
Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle. 小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。
prepare;prepare for;prepare…for;be prepared for;be(get)ready
prepare sth.意为“准备某事”?强调准备的过程或动作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者;另有“配置、调制”之意。
prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for后面的宾语是准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。
prepare sth.for意为“为……做好准备”。
be prepared for强调准备好的状态。
be(get)ready意为“准备好”,着重指准备的结果。be(get)ready to do还有“乐于干……”的意思。
[EXERCISES]
1.We ____ the mid-term examination.
2.Wheat can be ____ in many different ways.
3.The students ____ their lessons ____ the exam.
4.Can you ____ your future job?
5.He ____ always ____ to help others.
6.Miss Li said,“Everyone should ____ before class.”
7.Mother ____ lunch in the kitchen.
ANSWER: 1.are preparing for 2.prepared 3.are preparing…for 4.be prepared for
5.is…ready 6.be ready 7.is preparing
prize;medal
prize是表示“奖品”或“奖(彩)金”之意。例如:
Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. 1921年,爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔物理奖。
She took the first prize for her singing. 她获得了唱歌一等奖。
而medal是指“奖牌(章)”或“勋章”。例如:
Carl Lew is won four gold medals. 卡尔·刘易斯夺得四块金牌。
A medal was given to the brave fighter. 勋章授给了那位英勇的战士。
put; place; lay
三个词都能作“放”解,细微的差别在于:
put常指把某物弄到某个地方,并把它留在那里。如:
Please put the umbrella behind the door.请把伞放在门后。
place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。如:
She placed the table in the middle of the room.她把桌子放在房间的中央。
lay常指把某物平放在某处。如:
She laid the table for lunch.她摆好桌子准备吃饭。
*注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。如:
lie (vi).-lied-lied-lying 撒谎。如:
He has lied since his childhood.他从小就一直撒谎。
lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺;位于。如:
He lay on the floor, reading a book.他躺在地板上看书。
lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放;搁。如:
He laid the book on the table.他把书放在桌子上。
Q
quiet; silent; still
quiet意为“安静的、寂静的”。用于自然环境,指没有活动、喧闹的寂静状态;指人时,表示生性安静、不易激动。如:
Be quiet.Your father is sleeping now.安静点,你爸爸正在睡觉呢。
Jane was a quiet girl.简是个天性好静的女孩。
silent意为“寂静的、沉默的”,表示不说话、不弄出声响,但不一定指没有活动。如:
He always keeps silent when the teacher questions him. 老师向他提问时,他总是保持沉默。
The class was silent as the teacher explained the exam rules. 当老师解释考规时教室里寂静无声。
still意为“安静的、不动的”,不指心理状态,而指环境和人表面上无动作的平静状态。如:
Stand still while I take your photo.站着别动,我给你拍照。