五、如何写正文--段落中的主题句

　　主题句(topic sentence)在段落中的位置和表示法

　　1. 主题句写在段落的开端，后面的支持句为主题句提供论证或细节，初学者以使用此法为宜。如：

　　Americans make no distinction in greeting friends, acquaintances, elders, or superiors. When Americans see someone they know only by sight, they are likely to say "Hi" in all cases. This does not mean that they have no more regard for friends than for casual acquaintances. It only means that "Hi" serves as greeting for both.

　　superior 上级，长者

　　2. 主题句写在段落末了，前面都是提供细节的支持句，内容逐渐收拢，最后用一句总结的主题句加以概括。

　　Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for other. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.

　　3. 主题句写在段落的开端和写在末了。主题句先在段首出现，在段末又重复一遍,

　　这种在首尾两处出现主题句的写法，具有强调或突出中心思想的作用。如：

　　Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say "Hi" when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not.

　　be different form 和……是不同的

　　bow [ bau ]n.弓, 乐弓, 弓形, 鞠躬, 船首v.鞠躬, 弯腰

　　On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.

　　in a way=in one way=in some ways 在某种程度上

　　eg. The changes are an improvement in one way.

　　Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country.

　　It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.

　　4. 主题句写在段落中间或其它地方。此时，要根据上下文的意思才能确定该段落中体现中心思想的句子。如：

　　Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility both physical and psychological has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.

　　abide by sth. 遵守某事物，忠于某事物

　　Abide( abided, abided)

　　1) 用于否定句或疑问句中与can, could 连用;容忍、忍受、忍耐

　　eg. I can't abide that man. 我对那个人忍无可忍。

　　How could you abide such conditions? 这种环境你怎么受得了呢?

　　2) abide by sth. 遵守某事物，忠于某事物